The Museum’s Collection of Paintings contains ca. 110 religious and secular paintings, mainly icons and scenes of the Holy Places, as well as a limited number of portraits (eighteenth to twentieth century).  The works have been painted on canvas, hardboard or mass produced wood panels, mainly in oils or tempera.
   
Most of the works, painted on canvas, have a religious content and date to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.  The works of the Ionian School (of the eighteenth-nineteenth centuries) stand out.  They show a clear link between Orthodox iconography and Post-Byzantine style and technique with elements appropriated from Italian and Flemish art, from Mannerism and the Baroque.
   
The collection also includes nineteenth-century paintings, some painted in the Western style, and examples of Nazarene-style painting, as expressed in the work of Ludwig Thiersch and his student Spyridon Chatzigiannopoulos, who brought a new painting style to Greece reflecting the aesthetics of the Nazarenes.
   
The depictions of the shrines in the Holy Places constitute a special category in the collection. They are oil paintings on canvas dating to the nineteenth century. Together with the manuscript pilgrim guides to the Holy Places, they bear witness to the journeys made by Orthodox Christians to the places where Christ lived.  Their value lies mainly in the information they provide about the monuments and shrines of the Holy Land.  Among these works, which are usually offerings made by the faithful, are many images of the Holy Sepulchre, the holiest shrine in Jerusalem.